Technosphere

The technosphere is the sphere or realm of human-made technological activity that results in an artificial or modified environment, distinct from natural systems like the biosphere. It encompasses all human-engineered systems, infrastructures, products, and industrial processes.

Examples of Technosphere Elements:
– Manufacturing facilities and supply chains

– Electronic devices and machinery

– Buildings and construction materials

– Infrastructure networks (roads, railways, power grids)

– Data systems and digital platforms